Current Agronomic Practices, Harvest & Post-Harvest Processing of Soybeans (Glycine max)—A Review

Globally, soybeans are grown to meet the needs for animal and human nutrition, oil extraction, use in multiple industrial applications. Decades of soybean research, innovative farming methods, higher yielding resistant seed varieties have led increased crop yields. producers utilized enhanced processing methods produce nutritious high-quality meal extracted feed within food industry. Soybeans contain highly digestible proteins processed using various mechanical chemical techniques high quality ingredients. Defatted (DSM) is usually prepared by solvent extraction process soybeans, whereby almost all content removed. When not extracted, full-fat (FFSBM) created. This form provides an excellent source dietary energy retaining lipid component very useful feeds reducing need adding exogeneous lipids. However, some anti-nutritional factors (ANF) present FFSBM if properly heat treated before inclusion finished feed. These ANF adversely affect internal organ function overall growth performance animal. Among these ANF, protease inhibitors most important, but can be readily destroyed with optimal thermal processing. protocols followed precisely, excessive treatment may occur, resulting both reduced protein amino acid bioavailability meal. Conversely, insufficient result retention Thermally greatly bean when enzyme supplementation included approach cost-effective commonly commercially. After processing, often measured vitro performed at commercial analytical laboratories assess nitrogen solubility index (NSI), dispersibility (PDI), urease activity (UA), potassium hydroxide. Once processed, or DSM optimally diets poultry aquaculture enhance economic viability, production performance, nutritional value meat and/or eggs produced.